https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/jan/21/the-assassin-review-captivatingly-hypnotic-if-impenetrable-wuxia-tale. Persian Art and the Crafting of Polish Identity. 303319. In fact, as Charles Forsdick (2001: 21) has persuasively argued, the exotic gaze is a perspective from the other side, from outside and across geographical [or cultural] boundaries. It depends on the maintenance of boundaries, lest cultural difference and the sense of astonishment and wonder it evokes in the beholder, be preserved. ), Art in Iran and Europe in the 17th Century: Exchange and Reception (pp. Introduction. The fact that Tanna as well as Embrace of the Serpent, which is set in the Amazon, were made in collaboration with Indigenous communities, who are credited with being the chief creative impetus and co-creators of these films, makes them not only politically correct but, arguably, also examples of self-exoticisation. 1990. In: Lcia, Nagib, Chris, Perriam and Rajinder, Dudrah, eds., Theorizing World Cinema. The fascinating story behind many people's favori Test your vocabulary with our 10-question quiz! Since exoticism invariably spectacularises cultural difference, it is regularly censured for concealing the uneven power hierarchies that undergird colonialism and its ideological and aesthetic legacies by offering visual pleasure, the implication being that visual pleasure is something like an opiate that anaesthetises the spectators critical capacities, thereby precluding intellectual interrogation and critical distance. Vanishing Paradise: Art and Exoticism in Colonial Tahiti, Berkeley: University of California Press. Thus, exotic world cinema speaks to contemporary Western societies anhedonia and desire to escape the perceived blandness of Western culture by inviting spectators to sense how other people sensuously inhabit their world (Marks, 2000: 241). Subscribe to America's largest dictionary and get thousands more definitions and advanced searchad free! Mulvey, Laura (1975). <> Much could be and has been written on this topic, which explains why exoticism is such a highly contested concept. This entry was posted on April 15, 2010 at 2:56 pm and is filed under Uncategorized. (April 27, 2023). <> Arguably the most dynamic site of cultural translation is the film festival circuit since it is here where the first contact in this cross-cultural encounter usually occurs and where global art cinemas meaning and artistic value is negotiated. I will explore how non-Western filmmakers, variously referred to as world cinema, postcolonial and diasporic, exoticise their own cultures, thereby enhancing the transnational appeal of their films. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. 158183. The question is, when are you more loyal to one or the other. Forsdick, Charles (2003). For the twenty-first century, the experience of the exotic frequently thrives on an imitation of a ritual presumed to be authentic, involving an act of mimicry whose comic potential is easily glazed over. Preparing for your Cambridge English exam? (2000). Although this kind of cultural translation has, historically, been the domain of ethnography, it is by no means restricted to the scientific discourse on cultural difference. The Postcolonial Exotic: Marketing the Margins. a person, an institution, an animal, a plant etc.) Accessed 1 May. 115. Bill Nicholss (1994: 16, 18) evocative description of film festivals as a new type of contact zone where cosmopolitan cinephiles can enjoy an abiding pleasure in the recognition of [cultural] differences reaffirms Chows argument that the encounter with the non-West is inevitably imagined in ethnographic terms. What does exoticism mean? Notes on Painterly Narrative in the Early Work of Rembrandt, The Odalisque. Tannese children and the star-crossed lovers frolicking amid ferns and fronds and a native heralding a call to all villagers on conch shell are further references to what can be regarded as the cinematic Urtext of the South Sea genre (cf. While the term exotic denotes the imaginary qualities or essence of difference that are projected on to cultures as well as natural environments that are radically different from ones own, exoticism describes a particular representational strategy or, as Graham Huggan (2001: 13) writes in The Postcolonial Exotic, a mode of aesthetic perception [] which renders people, objects and places strange even as it domesticates them, and which effectively manufactures otherness even as it claims to surrender to its immanent mystery. In order for exoticism to enable the kind of imaginative investment that replaces cultural authenticity with the construction of an idealised (or, conversely, threatening) form of alterity, it needs to traverse spatial (and frequently also temporal) distances, as well as cultural and/or national borders. Vermeers Robe: Costume, Commerce, and Fantasy in the Early Modern Netherlands. Dutch Crossing 35 (2011), 17795. Rony, Fatimah Tobing (1996). You can download the paper by clicking the button above. More than a century of ethnographic research profoundly supports the theory of cultural relativity, the theory that, Benedict, Ruth It is not suitable for many language pairs . Framegrab. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press. Postcolonial Studies: The Key Concepts. . ." Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin. But Chow goes one step further, suggesting that any form of cultural translation, whether it is ethnography or the kind of autoethnography underpinning exotic world cinema, is necessarily a form of distortion or even betrayal.3 Firstly, as the Italian expression Traduttore, traditore Translator, traitor implies, the task of translating is associated with the pejorative implication of infidelity (Chow, 1995: 183). Westerners, along with a westernized global elite, interact with one another against the background of scenery that refrains from challenging their privileges and supposed superiority. Essay on Exoticism: An Aesthetics of Diversity. 4655. Improve your vocabulary with English Vocabulary in Use from Cambridge. Translated texts using exoticism often use cultural and grammatical aspects taken straight from source texts. The standard taxonomy in translation looks like this: -2 = Exoticism (very strong elements of source language + culture left in), -1 = Cultural borrowing (minor source elements left in), 0 = Calque (a balanced translation that tries to tow a line between both cultures and languages), +1 = Communicative translation (more toward the target language), +2 = Cultural transplantation (source elements removed and complete loyalty to the target language; as if never translated, with no hints of source language or culture). Definition of exoticism in the Definitions.net dictionary. London and New York: Routledge. Improve your vocabulary with English Vocabulary in Use from Cambridge. It has been deeply entrenched in the European imaginary of the Orient ever since Pierre Loti conflated exoticism and eroticism and his immensely popular novel Madame Chrysanthme (1887) inspired Giacomo Puccinis opera Madama Butterfly (1904) and served as a template of Asian femininity in the popular imagination of the West (cf. London and New York: Wallflower Press, pp. Most critics in the West denounce exotic cinema and its commodification of cultural difference as unethical and exploitative. It adopts a cultural perspective that is firmly entrenched in the conventions and belief systems of Western civilization and therefore constructs the East as the archetypical location of otherness. Ruth Fulton Benedict (18871948), originator of the configurational approach to culture, was a mature woman when she en, Culture areas are geographical territories in which characteristic culture patterns are recognizable through repeated associations of specific traits, Exoteric-Esoteric (Kenmitsu) Buddhism in Japan, Expanded Food Nutrition and Education Program, Expanding Educational Opportunities for the Masses, https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/applied-and-social-sciences-magazines/exoticism, Transculturation and Religion: An Overview. by Erik Hinterding and Jaco Rutgers, Rubens and the bird of paradise. Test your vocabulary with our fun image quizzes, Clear explanations of natural written and spoken English. If we concur with Chow, then world cinema can never give a true or authentic representation of China, India, Africa or other cultures, since centuries of European cultural hegemony have conditioned non-Western filmmakers to see themselves through Western eyes. . Good stuff. However, the relationship between realist and exoticist modes of representation is more complicated and they are not mutually exclusive. Katrien Lichtert, Christopher D M Atkins, Erik Verroken, Anne-Laure Van Bruaene, Angela Jager, Martine Vanwelden. (LogOut/ On the film festival circuit, Hou won the award for Best Director at Cannes, amongst numerous other awards, and The Assassin was voted Best Film of 2015 in Sight & Sound magazines film critics poll. In: Isabel, Santaolalla, ed., New Exoticisms: Changing Patterns in the Construction of Otherness. This is assessed in light of criticism of his approach from other translation . 6588. 295 0 obj But needless to say, the individual human decision will not be made to use exoticisms and be in the -1 to -2 range. For example, Mira Nairs films Salaam Bombay! Mediating Netherlandish Art and Material Culture in Asia, Golahny, Amy: Rembrandt and everyday life: the fusion of genre and history.. cism ig-z-t-si-zm variants or less commonly exotism eg-z-ti-zm ek-s- : the quality or state of being exotic Example Sentences Cite this article Pick a style below, and copy the text for your bibliography. Such translations may have a great impact on target language readers because of their foreign and exotic ideas. A Subaltern Studies Reader: 19861995. The Island of Borneo evokes a powerful exoticism. xviixxii. What they find [] is what they already knew they would find, images predigested by certain platitudes and commonplaces. Ronys observation goes a long way in explaining why exotic forms of cultural representation often seem clichd and stereotypical. 202-233. Encyclopedia.com. The film premiered at the 1991 Venice Film Festival, where it won the Silver Lion and was subsequently nominated for the Academy Awards. Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation. London and New York: Routledge. Eine historische Vergegenwrtigung. Colonial Desire: Hybridity in Theory, Culture, and Race. Alphaville: Journal of Film and Screen Media, 14, pp. Close-ups of sizzling pans, steam rising from pots, the mixing of colourful herbs and spices seduce the spectator to experience with all of their senses the pleasures of Vietnamese, Taiwanese, Mexican or Indian cuisine and not just that but a whole way of life that inverts the current cultural terms of food preparation and consumption by returning anachronistically to an era before mass production in which we imagine that the food we eat is not only home-cooked but also reflects an emotional commitment of nurture and care, family values perceived to be rapidly disappearing in the West (Negra, 2002: 64) (Figure 2). Screen, 16 (3), pp. When the concepts and structure of the source text can be easily translated into the target language, direct translation techniques are usually used. Berghahn, 2017: 29). Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. However, the date of retrieval is often important. Durham and London: Duke University Press. B. Tauris, pp. Experience the exoticism of the Medina of Marrakech. In other words, the transnational dimension inherent in the concept of world cinema is constituted in the process of reception, as a film moves outside its own national sphere into another one. Exoticism in translation refers to using words or phrases which sound exotic in the translated language, because they are of foreign origin. Click on the arrows to change the translation direction. At the same time, this incomplete understanding of the films deeper layers of meaning adds a residue of enigma and mystery. Their purpose is to show the exotic nature of the text. relationship between foreignisation and exoticism, which will be based The Chinese Exotic: Modern Diasporic Femininity. I should like to thank Montage av: Zeitschrift fr Theorie und Geschichte audiovisueller Medien for granting me permission to publish my article Exotismus im World Cinema und die transnationale Rezeption, originally published in German in issue 28 (1) (2019), pp. The demand of the nineteenth century for information about non-European peoples gave rise to numerous cheap reproductions of ethnographic drawings. Get ready with Test&Train, the online practice tool from Cambridge.Build your confidence with hundreds of exam questions with hints, tips and instant feedback. Taking our cue from Al-Najjar (1989), the paper shows that employing Arabicisation can be through (1) loanword in which traits of exoticism are observed in Arabic; (2) loanblend: a hybrid form of the translated item consisting of two parts, one belongs to the Source Language (SL) and another belongs to the Target Language (TL); (3) translation . Literal translation. 316 0 obj ), Rembrandt and his Circle. In short, it turns cultural difference into a form of commodity fetishism. On the other hand, if one wanted to completely get rid of the origins of the text and make it as user-friendly for the reader as possible, one would remove all such exoticisms and replace them with colloquial terms that any American would readily understand. Similarly, exoticism, though a prevalent interpretative model in the transnational reception of world cinema, competes with other ones, such as those which, indebted to Fredric Jamesons influential but controversial essay Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism (1986), conceive of world cinema in terms of national (or political) allegory. He was following in the footsteps of the painter Paul Gauguin, whose colourful paintings of semi-nude Polynesian women against the backdrop of lush tropical scenery have shaped the Western imagination of the Polynesian islands. Huggan, Graham. endobj According to David Damrosch (2003: 175), works become world literature by being received into the space of a foreign culture, a space defined in many ways by the host cultures national tradition and the present needs of its own writers. Rather than conceiving of world literature as a canon of foreign literary masterpieces, Damrosch describes it as a mode of transnational circulation and reception that gains in translation. Add exoticism to one of your lists below, or create a new one. Orientalism: Western Conceptions of the Orient. 1 [1. When I was studying at university in Germany (Germersheim), my professors often emphasized this point. Review Captivatingly Hypnotic, If Impenetrable, Vanishing Paradise: Art and Exoticism in Colonial Tahiti, Primitive Passions: Visuality, Sexuality, Ethnography, and Contemporary Chinese Cinema, Island Dreaming: The Contemplation of Polynesian Paradise, Realism of the Senses in World Cinema: The Experience of Physical Reality, Situating World Cinema as a Theoretical Problem, Remapping World Cinema: Identity, Culture and Politics in Film, Travelling Concepts: Postcolonial Approaches to Exoticism, Revisiting Exoticism: From Colonialism to Postcolonialism, Francophone Postcolonial Studies: A Critical Introduction, Global Art Cinema: New Theories and Histories, Offering Tales they Want to Hear: Transnational European Film Funding as Neo-Orientalism, The Postcolonial Exotic: Marketing the Margins, Third-World Literature in the Era of Multinational Capitalism, Transnational Chinese Cinemas: Identity, Nationhood, Gender, The Chinese Exotic: Modern Diasporic Femininity, Chinese Cinemas (18961996) and Transnational Film Studies, The Skin of the Film: Intercultural Cinema, Embodiment, and the Senses, Realist Cinema as World Cinema: Non-Cinema, Intermedial Passages, Total Cinema, Ethnic Food Fetishism, Whiteness, and Nostalgia in Recent Film and Television, Discovering Form, Inferring Meaning: New Cinemas and the Film Festival Circuit, Cultural Translation, Cosmopolitanism and the Void, Imperial Eyes: Travel Writing and Transculturation, The Third Eye: Race, Cinema and Ethnographic Spectacle, Essay on Exoticism: An Aesthetics of Diversity, Defence of Exoticism: Rescuing the Literary Imagination, New Exoticisms: Changing Patterns in the Construction of Otherness, The Assassin: Cannes Review. In: Charles, Forsdick and David, Murphy, eds., Francophone Postcolonial Studies: A Critical Introduction. . Galt, Rosalind and Karl, Schoonover (2010). Lost in Translation: Exoticism in Early Modern Holland Claudia Swan Whilecontent andlanguageformacertain unityinthe original,like afruit andits skin,the languageofthe translationenvelopsits content likearoyal robe with amplefolds.For it signifiesamoreexalted languagethan itsown andthusremains unsuited to itscontent, overpowering andalien. Translating (human) gender German, Spanish, Hebrew, Arabic and Russian are just a handful of the many languages which have rich grammatical gender. Considering contemporary Chinese cinemas which, because of their regional dispersal across the Peoples Republic of China, Hong Kong, Taiwan and the Chinese diaspora, are widely regarded as a paradigmatic example of transnational cinema, Sheldon Hsiao-peng Lu (1997: 12) argues that, ironically, some films achieve transnational status precisely because they are seen as possessing an authentically national, Chinese, Oriental flavor by Western audiences. It results in creative reconfigurations that occur when the state of boundedness is disturbed by the forces of mobility (Papastergiadis, 2011: 2). In: Sheldon, Hsiao-peng Lu, ed., Transnational Chinese Cinemas: Identity, Nationhood, Gender. Did Rembrandt plan a substantial series of reproductive engravings and did he make a series of oil sketches especially for that purpose? c}_i_3F)16=j. Therefore, be sure to refer to those guidelines when editing your bibliography or works cited list. In the West, ugly but resilient ideas about civilization, Post the Definition of exoticism to Facebook, Share the Definition of exoticism on Twitter. To be sure, in addition to their visual allure, the exoticism of Raise the Red Lantern and several other of Zhangs films also rests on established narrative tropes, notably that of the exotic-erotic-enigmatic Asian woman, frequently represented as a concubine, geisha, prostitute or simply the suffering wife of a much older oppressive husband. You can email a link to this page to a colleague or librarian: The link was not copied. Usage explanations of natural written and spoken English, Today, the nearly 5,300-square-foot home exudes elegance and, Across the centuries, orchids have captivated us with their elaborate, Whether it's the mysteries of the blue agave source plant, the, Presumably it would be because, after 40-some-odd films in the franchise, producers felt they needed to do a little something extra to up the, Such a reductive representation of cultural difference is termed colonial, Addressing the politics of gender in studies on, They are, rather, narrative agents whose actions move the stories forward and develop the authenticity and, Although the poet insists that eros is the force of perpetual revolution, he consistently finds in it an, However, she changes her positionality as she proceeds with her description and adopts an uncertain viewing position which avoids fixating difference as a stereotypical characteristic of colonial. 283 0 obj Bradshaw, Peter (2016). Segalen, 2002: 61). Childs, Elizabeth C. (2013). Was Van Vliet involved in some of Rembrandt's own etchings? Send us feedback about these examples. Any opinions in the examples do not represent the opinion of the Cambridge Dictionary editors or of Cambridge University Press or its licensors. Performances of corroborees and other cultural practices can therefore be staged for tourists while the traditional rituals are on the brink of extinction. Lu, Sheldon Hsiao-peng (1997). Lutz Bassmann went first and kept his mouth shut the whole time. However, I did not fully identify what that means. FRAGMENTARY INVENTORY OF DECEASED DISSIDENTS. I would like to here. Citation: Studies in World Cinema 1, 2 (2021) ; 10.1163/26659891-01020001. 2. VB144; London's Smaller Art Collections Week 9 THE DULWICH PICTURE GALLERY, Historians of Netherlandish Art Conference May 23 to May 26, 2018, Allegory on the Colonial Power. Kiernan, Victor Gordon. Finally, a more general consideration concerns the author's choice not to talk expressly about the question of, The final chapters are devoted to a critical examination of, This is especially regrettable, as it is of great interest with regard to musical, This article considers the 'pastoral mode' as a particular subspecies of musical. While world cinema includes popular genre films like Bollywood and Nollywood melodrama or Hong Kong action films, global art cinema does not. Historically, the exotic is inextricably linked to eighteenth-century voyages of exploration during which the encounter with radical cultural difference in remote corners of the world prompted a mutual sense of astonishment and wide-eyed wonder (though historical records, travelogues and novels of adventure are invariably skewed towards the astonishment experienced by Europeans). Painted Collectors' Cabinets and the Display of Display in Counter-Reformation Antwerp', Netherlands Yearbook for History of Art. Ungarn Jahrbuch. Although the dynamics of globalisation have profoundly changed the configurations of Self and Other and challenged the Western ethnographers authority to interpret the signifying systems of supposedly subordinate societies, according to Rey Chow (1995: 177), we still cannot write/think/talk the non-West in the academy without in some sense anthropologizing it. This explains why non-Western filmmakers are often expected to act as native informants and interpreters whose role it is to provide authentic accounts of their cultures of origin. New York: Columbia University Press. Bibliography for the study of Baroque art and architecture, Biblical Iconography in the Graphic Work of Rembrandt's Circle, in: Rembrandt and his Circle: Insights and Discoveries, ed. In these films, the preparation and consumption of food functions as a signifier of alterity. This period also engendered a taste for the rich costumes of the Orient, the main geographic location of Enlightenment fantasies about the exotic. Cultural translation denotes the transformative dynamic that is forged by the interaction of different cultures. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/review/assassin-cannes-review-797267. 'x6cB2 `Me * Google Translate is going to not make this decision, I think. International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Clarke, Roger (2016). Taxonomy of a Translation Thank you! anything exotic, as a foreign word or idiom. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, pp. Framegrab. Offering a theoretical discussion of exoticism, alongside the closely related concepts of autoethnography and cultural translation, it proposes that the exotic gaze is a particular mode of aesthetic perception that is simultaneously anchored in the filmic text and elicited in the spectator in the process of transnational reception. The mobility of early modern people, ideas and things, and the networks they created and relied on, facilitated flows of material and immaterial interactions. It constantly signals the exotic source culture and its cultural strangeness. The film was shot in the classic three-strip Technicolor process to achieve a richness of reds and yellows no longer visible in Hollywood cinema which abandoned the three-strip Technicolor camera in 1954. <>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF /Text]>>/Type/Page>> Translation Studies 4 (1), pp. The viewers and critics of the home country can do nothing but be astounded by and follow the judgment of the authority of the Western world. % However, to reserve this right for native critics and scholars would constitute a form of cultural essentialism that ultimately defeats world cinemas main attraction, namely, to offer windows onto other worlds. xZr}WSj*n@o8N$Xm^R>#V.=Z*^f14O ~8:m.ng#/t75 r#fh!3R6b41B{)cP;[%f-u s.Qy']y30&>J;e3ocQ5w5#Nka\TYZ?}uZH6 wg]ls^Zmm Offering a theoretical discussion of exoticism, alongside the closely related concepts of autoethnography and cultural translation, it proposes that the exotic gaze is a particular mode of aesthetic perception that is simultaneously anchored in the filmic text and elicited in the spectator in the process of transnational reception. directions to rush hospital, north platte, ne obituaries, shelby county, alabama noise ordinance,

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